{"id":11134,"date":"2021-11-26T17:10:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T17:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.cointelegraph.com\/news\/what-is-proof-of-authority-poa"},"modified":"2021-11-26T17:10:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T17:10:00","slug":"yetki-ispati-poa-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.cointelegraph.com\/news\/what-is-proof-of-authority-poa","title":{"rendered":"Yetki \u0130spat\u0131 (PoA) nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n

Yetki \u0130spat\u0131 nedir? PoA nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? Hangi blockchain a\u011flar\u0131 PoA kullan\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Yetki \u0130spat\u0131 (Proof-of-Authority, PoA), Hisse \u0130spat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (PoS) de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve blockchain kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flem bloklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kripto para yerine kimlik ve itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fa ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 bir mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yetki \u0130spat\u0131, Polkadot\u2019un geli\u015ftiricisi Parity Technologies ve Ethereum\u2019un kurucu ortaklar\u0131ndan Gavin Wood taraf\u0131ndan 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yetki ispat\u0131 kullanan blockchain a\u011flar\u0131nda yeni blok \u00fcretme yetkisi, bu i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kimli\u011fi ve yetkinli\u011fi \u00f6nceden do\u011frulanan ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olma hakk\u0131 kazanan a\u011f kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na verilir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, a\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini hesaplama g\u00fcc\u00fc veya paray\u0131 de\u011fil, itibar ve kimliklerini kaynak olarak sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n

Emek \u0130spat\u0131 (PoW) ve PoS kullanan blockchain a\u011flar\u0131na k\u0131yasla PoA, neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131r enerji t\u00fcketimiyle \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek performans ve i\u015flem \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 ortaya koyar. Buna ek olarak PoA blockchain\u2019lerde \u00f6denen i\u015flem \u00fccreti de son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130lginizi \u00e7ekebilir:\u00a0En Sade Anlat\u0131mla Blockchain Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

PoA a\u011flar\u0131nda do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 olmak isteyenlerin ger\u00e7ek kimli\u011fini do\u011frulamas\u0131, para yat\u0131rmaya istekli olmas\u0131 ve itibar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekir. Herkese e\u015fit uygulanan y\u00f6ntemler ile ve s\u0131k\u0131 bir inceleme s\u00fcrecinin ard\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar, a\u011f\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015finden yaln\u0131zca kendileri sorumlu olurlar ve ger\u00e7ek kimliklerinin a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcyle te\u015fvik edilirler.<\/p>\n

PoA ve di\u011fer mutabakat mekanizmalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

PoA ve PoW<\/h3>\n

Blockchain ve kripto para sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131k\u00e7a, emek ispat\u0131 mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalar belirginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bitcoin ve mevcut durumda Ethereum gibi blockchain a\u011flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan bu mekanizma, madencilik yoluyla mutabakat sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yo\u011fun enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 gerektiriyor. Buna ek olarak, PoW a\u011flar\u0131 yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi de sa\u011flayam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yetki ispat\u0131 mutabakat mekanizmalar\u0131nda madencilik yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bu mekanizmay\u0131 kullanan a\u011flar standart bilgisayarlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan\u0131n haricinde neredeyse hi\u00e7bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 gerektirmiyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lginizi \u00e7ekebilir:\u00a0Proof of Work (\u0130\u015f \/ Emek \u0130spat\u0131) nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

PoA a\u011flarda do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131, olu\u015fturulan iki blok aras\u0131ndaki onay s\u00fcresinin de PoW a\u011flara k\u0131yasla olduk\u00e7a azalaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ok daha fazla i\u015flem y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. PoA a\u011flarda \u00f6denen i\u015flem \u00fccreti de kimilerinde astronomik \u00fccretlerin \u00f6dendi\u011fi a\u011flar\u0131n yan\u0131nda son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel donan\u0131m gerektirmemesi sayesinde \u00e7ok daha hesapl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilen PoA blockchain\u2019ler, sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 da emek ispat\u0131 blockchain\u2019lere k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131. A\u011fdaki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funu ele ge\u00e7irerek blockchain\u2019in kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ele al\u0131nabildi\u011fi y\u00fczde 51 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 PoA a\u011flarda d\u00fczenlemek, birbirine do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin y\u00fczde 51\u2019inin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmek \u00e7ok daha zor oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Buna ek olarak, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin kimli\u011fi \u00f6nceden do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olmayan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri do\u011frulama s\u00fcrecinden \u00e7\u0131kartarak a\u011f\u0131 korumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u0130lginizi \u00e7ekebilir:\u00a0%51 Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 (Attack 51%) Nedir? Bitcoin’e %51 Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Yapmak M\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

PoA ve PoS<\/h3>\n

Hisse ispat\u0131 mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131, emek ispat\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n eksikliklerini giderme ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir alternatif olarak geli\u015ftirildi. A\u011fa kripto para kilitleyerek do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 olunabilen PoS a\u011flar, madencilik yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ciddi bir enerji tasarrufu sa\u011fl\u0131yor ve PoW a\u011flara k\u0131yasla saniyede \u00e7ok daha fazla i\u015flem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki PoS a\u011flar\u0131n da baz\u0131 eksiklikleri mevcut. PoS a\u011flar\u0131nda do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in te\u015fvik, a\u011fa stake ettikleri, yani kilitledikleri miktar\u0131 kaybetme endi\u015fesiyle sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Ne var ki parasal olarak ayn\u0131 de\u011ferde olan bu miktarlar, bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n toplam birikiminin y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131yken, bir di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 1 olabilir. Bu da a\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket etmek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 motivasyona sahip olmayacaklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Yetki ispat\u0131, bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in tasarland\u0131. PoA a\u011flarda do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar paralar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, herkes i\u00e7in e\u015fit de\u011fere sahip olan itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 stake ediyor. Kimlikleri t\u00fcm blockchain kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinen do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar, b\u00f6ylece a\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamada e\u015fit motivasyona sahip oluyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lginizi \u00e7ekebilir:\u00a0Proof of Stake nedir? Hisse \u0130spat\u0131 t\u00fcrleri nelerdir?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

PoA mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131nda do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerinin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi, anonimli\u011fin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buna ek olarak binlerce d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc olan Bitcoin ve Ethereum gibi a\u00e7\u0131k a\u011flarda kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 elveri\u015fsiz hale getiriyor. Bu nedenle PoA, g\u00f6rece daha az say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn oldu\u011fu a\u011flarda kullan\u0131lmaya uygun bir mekanizma.<\/p>\n

Az say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olmas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131n daha merkezi olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Merkeziyetsizlik a\u00e7\u0131k blockchain\u2019lerin temel de\u011ferlerinden biri oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, bu mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131 \u00f6zel blockchain a\u011flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ma daha uygundur.<\/p>\n

PoW ve PoS a\u011flarda mutabakat, yani olu\u015fturulan iki blok aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterirken, bu s\u00fcre PoA a\u011flarda daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirdir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Bitnovo<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

PoA mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

PoA mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131 di\u011fer mekanizmalara k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha az say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7erdi\u011finden ve daha merkezi oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, i\u015fletme d\u00fczeyinde blockchain a\u011flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ma daha uygundur. G\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 olmayan PoW ve PoS a\u011flar\u0131n aksine, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda halihaz\u0131rda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir g\u00fcven olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu da mekanizmay\u0131 birbirini tan\u0131yan yetkililerin y\u00f6netti\u011fi a\u011flarda kullan\u0131ma daha uygun k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

PoA, bu nedenle \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan tedarik zinciri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir mekanizmad\u0131r. Bankalar da ayn\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131 blockchain \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde PoA mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 tercih eder.<\/p>\n

Uygulama ve g\u00fcncellemelerin mainnet\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce test edildi\u011fi zincirler olan testnet\u2019ler de bu mekanizman\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Yeni \u00f6zellik ve uygulamalar i\u00e7in mainnet\u2019te ba\u015flat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce kontroll\u00fc bir deneme ortam\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n

Yetki ispat\u0131, a\u011fdaki yo\u011funlu\u011funu azaltmak i\u00e7in ana zincire paralel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve k\u00f6pr\u00fc ile ba\u011flanan yan zincirlerde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lginizi \u00e7ekebilir:\u00a0Parachain nedir? Relay Chain ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

PoA, ilk olarak Ethereum\u2019un Aura tabanl\u0131 testnet\u2019i Kovan\u2019da kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu testnet, daha sonra Ropsten testnet\u2019in istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tedarik zinciri y\u00f6netim platformu VeChain\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k blockchain\u2019i VeChainThor da yetki ispat\u0131 mutabakat mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bunlar da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir:<\/strong><\/p>\n